Physics Lab

Launch projectiles with adjustable initial velocity, angle, and gravitational acceleration. Real-time trajectory plotting with parabolic arc, velocity vector components, and range calculation. Toggle air resistance to observe drag coefficient effects on maximum height and landing distance.

Classic simple pendulum with adjustable length, mass, and gravitational field. Real-time angular displacement graph showing period dependence on sqrt(L/g). Add damping to observe amplitude decay and explore driven resonance conditions for chaotic threshold investigation.

Interactive planetary orbit simulation demonstrating Kepler’s three laws. Adjust semi-major axis and eccentricity to reshape the elliptical path. Real-time sweeping area verification, orbital period scaling, and Hohmann transfer window calculation for mission planning.

One and two-dimensional collision laboratory with coefficient of restitution control. Observe momentum and kinetic energy conservation in elastic limits, or energy loss in inelastic mergers. Center-of-mass frame toggle reveals relative velocity relationships post-impact.

Torque application on rigid bodies with varying moment of inertia shapes. Real-time angular acceleration from Newton’s second law for rotation. Gyroscopic precession visualization and conservation of angular momentum during redistribution of mass.

Horizontal and vertical simple harmonic oscillators with Hooke’s law restoring force. Live position, velocity, and acceleration phase plots. Energy bar transitions between kinetic and potential forms. Add viscous damping to study critical and overdamped regimes.

Young’s double-slit experiment with real-time interference pattern generation. Adjust slit separation and wavelength to shift fringe spacing. Single-photon mode demonstrates wave-particle duality buildup on detection screen with probabilistic arrival statistics.

Vibrating string and air column harmonics with fixed and free boundary conditions. Real-time superposition of incident and reflected waves. Identify node and antinode positions for fundamental frequency and integer overtones in musical instrument modeling.

Moving source and observer wavefront compression and expansion. Real-time frequency shift calculation for subsonic and supersonic regimes. Sonic boom shock cone visualization and astronomical redshift/blueshift analog for receding galaxies.

Arrange multiple point charges and visualize electric field vector maps and equipotential lines. Real-time force magnitude and direction on a test charge. Gauss’s law verification through closed surface flux integration for symmetric configurations.

Drag-and-drop circuit construction with resistors, batteries, and switches. Real-time current and voltage display across every component. Kirchhoff’s loop and junction rules automatically verified. Thevenin equivalent resistance and voltage calculation for any two-terminal network.

Capacitor charging and discharging curves with adjustable resistance and capacitance. Time constant tau displayed with 63% threshold marker. Compare theoretical exponential decay against measured voltage across resistor and capacitor in real-time.

Series and parallel RLC circuit frequency response analyzer. Resonant peak sharpness controlled by Q factor and resistance. Real-time impedance magnitude and phase angle plots across sweep range with bandwidth and half-power point identification.

Charged particle trajectory in crossed electric and magnetic fields. Observe cyclotron circular motion, helical paths, and mass spectrometer separation. Real-time velocity selector calibration and relativistic momentum correction at high energies.

Moving magnet through coil with real-time magnetic flux and induced EMF plotting. Lenz’s law polarity demonstrated through opposing field animation. Dynamo and AC generator construction with rotational frequency controlling output amplitude and period.

Ideal and real transformer simulation with adjustable primary turns and load resistance. Real-time secondary voltage, current, and power transfer efficiency. Core saturation, hysteresis loop, and eddy current loss modeling for non-ideal iron behavior.

Geometric optics bench with convex, concave, and plane mirrors and lenses. Real-time ray tracing from object to image through principal axis. Focal length manipulation changes image real/virtual, inverted/erect, and magnification ratio for microscope and telescope design.

Multi-slit diffraction and interference pattern with adjustable grating spacing. Angular position of maxima follows the grating equation for multiple spectral orders. Wavelength resolution and Rayleigh criterion for spectroscopic instrument design.

Millikan-style photoelectric experiment with variable light frequency and intensity. Threshold frequency and work function determination from stopping potential measurement. Einstein’s photon energy equation verified with electron kinetic energy saturation current plots.

Particle wavefunction interaction with finite potential barrier. Transmission probability exponential sensitivity to barrier width and height. Scanning tunneling microscope analogy with electron density penetration and radioactive alpha decay potential well escape.

Infinite square well quantum mechanical bound states. Stationary state wavefunctions and probability density for quantum numbers n=1 to 7. Energy level spacing and node counting with superposition visualization for wave packet revival dynamics.

Bohr model and quantum mechanical orbital transitions for hydrogen. Rydberg formula predicts emission wavelengths across Lyman, Balmer, and Paschen series. Real-time spectral line generation as electrons cascade between principal quantum numbers with energy level diagram.

Thermal radiation spectrum from ideal cavity emitter. Planck’s law resolves ultraviolet catastrophe with quantized oscillator energy. Wien displacement law and Stefan-Boltzmann total power scaling with temperature for star color and luminosity classification.

Reversible Carnot cycle visualization on pressure-volume and temperature-entropy diagrams. Real-time piston motion during isothermal expansion and adiabatic compression. Maximum theoretical efficiency calculation from hot and cold reservoir absolute temperatures.

Statistical mechanics particle distribution simulator. Boltzmann entropy calculation from microstate counting. Free expansion of gas into vacuum with irreversible entropy increase and fluctuation theorem observation in small particle ensembles.

Particle box simulation linking microscopic collisions to macroscopic pressure. Maxwell-Boltzmann speed distribution shifts with temperature. RMS velocity, mean free path, and ideal gas law PV=nRT derivation from momentum transfer statistics.

Incompressible streamline flow through varying cross-section pipes. Real-time pressure, velocity, and height trade-off along streamline. Venturi meter calibration and aircraft wing lift generation from circulation and pressure differential visualization.

Radioactive parent-daughter decay chains with secular equilibrium achievement. Half-life and activity curves for alpha, beta, and gamma emitters. Carbon-14 and uranium-lead radiometric dating calculation from remaining isotope ratio measurement.

Uranium-235 fission chain reaction with neutron multiplication factor k-effective. Control rod insertion depth and moderator density adjustments maintain critical, subcritical, or supercritical reactor states. Energy release Q-value and mass defect visualization per fission event.

Einstein special relativity scenario with moving reference frames. Real-time Lorentz factor gamma calculation from velocity fraction of c. Time dilation clock comparison, length contraction rod measurement, and twin paradox worldline spacetime diagram construction.